Categories of Computer and Computer Languages
Tick the correct option:
1. Which
type of computer is used in aerospace, automotive, chemical, electronics and
petroleum industries?
a. Supercomputer
(✔)
b. Mainframe
computer
c. Micro
computer
d. Mini
computer
2. A
type of computer used in hospitals to record patient heartbeat.
a. analogue
computer
b. hybrid
computer (✔)
c. digital
computer
d. none
of these
3. It
is machine independent as a program written or compiled on one type of computer
can be executed on another different type of computer.
a. Machine
language
b. assembly
language
c. high
level language (✔)
d. all
of these
4. It
consisted of small instructions called mnemonic codes.
a. machine
language
b. assembly
language (✔)
c. high
level language
d. all
of these
5. It
is directly understood by the computer
a. machine
language (✔)
b. assembly
language
c. high
level language
d. all
of these
Fill in the blanks with the
help of words given;
(purpose, mainframe, machine language, BASIC, micro)
1. Machine
language is written in binary code,
which means it is basically comprised of only two digits -1 and 0.
2. Mainframe
Computer is used for Credit Card processing.
3. Micro
computer is used for home or personal use.
4. According
to machine language, computers are either general purpose or specific
purpose.
5. BASIC
is a beginners high level language that was developed in 1964 by John G Kemeny
and Thomas E Kurtz.
Writer for (T) true and (F)
for false statements:
1. Second
generation languages used machine language.
(F)
Second generation languages used assembly
language.
2. Machine
language had no defined syntax. (T)
3. High
level languages have numerous advantages over low level programming languages. (T)
4. Mainframes
are the most powerful and most expensive among digital computers. (T)
5. C++
is an object oriented programming language. (T)
Match the columns.
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
BASIC |
Guido van Rossum |
|
PASCAL |
John G. Kemeny and Thomas E
Kurtz |
|
C++ |
James Gosling |
|
Python |
Bjarne Stroustrup |
|
Java |
Niklaus Wirth |
Ans-
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
BASIC |
John G. Kemeny and Thomas E
Kurtz |
|
PASCAL |
Niklaus Wirth |
|
C++ |
Bjarne Stroustrup |
|
Python |
Guido van Rossum |
|
Java |
James Gosling |
Answer the following
questions:
Q. Describe how computers are
classified.
Ans-
Q. Write the application areas of different types of computers based on size.
Ans- Applications of Supercomputer-
1. Forecast
of weather and global climate
2. Military
research and defense system
3. Seismography,
energy and nuclear research
4. Automobile,
aircraft designing
5. Genetic
engineering
6. Digital
film recording or animated graphics
7. Petroleum
exploration
Applications of Mainframe computers-
1. Credit
card processing
2. Bank
account management
3. Marketing
4. Industrial
design
5. Air
traffic control system
Applications of Mini-Computers-
1. University
2. Middle
range business
3. Industrial
process monitoring and control
4. 3D
graphics and games
5. Middle
range business
6. Multimedia
Applications of Micro-Computers-
1. Home
(personal use)
2. Small
organisation
Q. Differentiate between low
level language and high level language.
Ans-
|
Low Level Languages |
High Level Languages |
|
Low level languages are machine dependent Programming languages |
High level languages are machine independent programming languages |
|
They are challenging to learn and understand |
They are easy to learn and understand |
|
They run only on one hardware |
They can run on another hardware |
|
They execute at high speed |
They execute slower than low level languages |
|
They are high memory efficient |
They are less memory efficient |
|
Hardware knowledge is must for writing program in low level languages |
Hardware knowledge is not required for writing program in high level
languages |
|
It is difficult to modify the program written in low level language |
It is easy to modify the program written in high level language |
|
For example- Java, Python, C++ |
For example- machine language, assembly language |
Q. list the
advantages and disadvantages of high level language over low level languages.
Advantages of High level language
1. High
Level languages are machine independent.
2. They
are easy to learn.
3. High
Level languages are human readable as instructions are written using English
like words and phrases.
4. It
is easier to understand and develop the program logic in High Level languages.
5. Less
error prone.
6. The
error detection and correction is easier.
7. High
level languages are programmer friendly.
8. High
level programming results in better programming productivity.
9. It
provide higher level of abstraction from machine languages.
Disadvantages of High level language
1. It
takes additional translation times to translate the source to machine code.
2. High
level programs are comparatively slower than low level programs.
3. Compared
to low level programs, they are generally less memory efficient.
4. Cannot
communicate directly with the hardware.
Q. Write a short note on any two
programming languages.
Python
Python is a general purpose, user-friendly, interactive and
object oriented programming language. Python Syntax is clear intuitive and uses
the English language. It can run on a varied range of hardware platforms with
the same interface. It is processed at
runtime by the interpreter. It was developed by Guido van Rossum in late 1980s.
SQL (Structured query language)
SQL Is a computer language that stores, manipulates and
queries data stored in a database. It was developed in 1974 when a group in IBM
developed the first prototype of a relational database.
Let's Apply
Answer the following application based questions:
Q. Draw a timeline showing the
evolution of different computer languages.
1843 - machine algorithm (Ada Lovelace’s)
1944-45 - Plankalkül (Konrad Zuse)
1949: Assembly Language
1949: Shortcode (John McCauley)
1952: Autocode (Alick Glennie)
1957: FORTRAN (John Backus)
1958: ALGOL (Algorithmic Language)
1958: LISP (List Processor) John McCarthy
1959: COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
1964: BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code) Bill Gates and Paul Allen
1970: PASCAL (Niklaus Wirth)
1972: Smalltalk
1972: C (Dennis Ritchie)
1972: SQL (Structured Query Language) Raymond Boyce and
Donald Chamberlain
1980/81: Ada (Jean Ichbiah)
1983: C++ (Bjarne Stroustrup)
1983: Objective-C (Brad Cox and Tom Love)
1987: Perl (Larry Wall)
1990: Haskell (Haskell Brooks Curry)
1991: Python (Guido Van Rossum)
1991: Visual Basic (Microsoft)
1993: Ruby (Yukihiro Matsumoto)
1995: Java (James Gosling)
1995: PHP (Rasmus
Lerdorf)
1995: JavaScript (Brendan Eich)
2000: C# (Microsoft)
2003: Scala (Martin Odersky)
2003: Groovy (James Strachan and Bob McWhirter)
2009: Go (Google)
2014: Swift (Apple)
Q. Is MSWLogo a programming
language? write a short note explaining
its features.
Ans- MSWLogo is a programming
language intended for educational purposes.
Features of MSWLogo-
1.
Logo is a simple
computer language used to draw figures ,type text and to do mathematical
calculations
2.
MSW Logo screen is
like the turtle’s playground .A small triangle shape appears in the center of
the main screen. This is called turtle.
3.
The MSW Logo
screen contains two parts. They are main screen and commander window
4.
4.
Q. Make a list of computer languages installed in the computer lab.
Ans- Following computer languages are installed in the
computer lab:
MSWLogo
BASIC
C++
Python
Q. Make a group of 5 students
and research about the developers of computer languages present and share your
research details with your classmates.
|
Language |
Developer |
|
Assembly Language |
Kathleen Booth |
|
BASIC |
1) John Kemeny 2) Thomas Kurtz |
|
C Language |
Dennis Ritchie |
|
C++ |
Bjarne Stroustrup |
|
COBOL |
Grace Murray Hopper |
|
FORTRAN |
John Backus |
|
Java |
James Gosling |
|
Pascal |
Niklaus Wirth |
|
Python |
Guido van Rossum |
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