Class-7 Science Chapter-11 Transportation in Animals and Plants, Additional Exercises in line with NCERT book / CBSE Syllabus


Chapter 11
Transportation in Animals and Plants
Additional Exercises
Exercises from textbook

Additional Exercises

Choose the correct answer:
1-    A resting person usually has a pulse rate between_____beats per minute
a.    72  to 80 (√)
b.    80 to 100
c.     30 to 40
d.    Any of the above
2-    The two upper chambers of our heart are called
a.    Atria (√)
b.    ventricles
c.     aorta 
d.    Vena cava
3-    The two lower chambers of our heart are called
a.    Atria
b.    Ventricles (√)
c.     aorta 
d.    Vena cava
4-    Which of these prevent the flow of blood toward heart in veins?
a.    Walls
b.    Pressure
c.     Blood flow
d.    Valves (√)
5-    Name the pigment which gives red colour to human blood:
a.    Chlorophyll
b.    Platelets
c.     WBC
d.    Haemoglobin (√)
6-    The structure that transports water and minerals in plants is:
a.    Xylem (√)
b.    Phloem
c.     Arteries
d.    Veins
7-    The blood carried by pulmonary artery is
a.    Oxygen-rich
b.    Carbon dioxide-rich (√)
c.     Both a and b
d.    None of the above
8-    Which of the following component of our blood is responsible to fight with the germs
a.    RBC
b.    WBC (√)
c.     Platelets
d.    Plasma
9-    Which of the following is not a plant waste?
a.    Gum
b.    Resin
c.     Latex
d.    Urine (√)
10- The fluid part of our blood is called;
a.    RBC
b.    WBC
c.     Platelets
d.    Plasma (√)
11- Phloem is a vessel in plant which carries
a.    Food from roots to all parts of plant
b.    Food from leaves to all parts of plant (√)
c.     Water from roots to all parts of plant
d.    Water from leaves to all parts of plant

 Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1-    The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.
2-    Red blood cells (RBC) contain a red pigment called haemoglobin.
3-    During inhalation a fresh supply of oxygen fills our lungs.
4-    Arteries and veins are the two types of blood vessels present in our body.
5-    Capillaries join up to form veins which empty into the heart.
6-    Our heart is roughly the size of our fist.

Match the column:
(a)                                             
A
B
RBC
fights against germs
WBC
carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body
Platelets
contains haemoglobin
Arteries
clot is formed

Ans
A
B
RBC
contains haemoglobin
WBC
fights against germs
Platelets
clot is formed
Arteries
carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body

(b)
A
B
Excretion
Excrete cell waste as ammonia
Dialysis
Excrete a semi-solid white colouerd compound uric acid
Birds, lizard and snakes
Major excretory product is urea
Aquatic animals like fish
Periodic filtration of blood through an artificial kidney
In humans
Process of removal of wastes produced in cells

Ans-
A
B
Excretion
Process of removal of wastes produced in cells
Dialysis
Periodic filtration of blood through an artificial kidney
Birds, lizard and snakes
Excrete a semi-solid white colouerd compound uric acid
Aquatic animals like fish
Excrete cell waste as ammonia
In humans
Major excretory product is urea

State whether the following statements are True or False:

1-    Blood is the fluid, which flows in blood vessels.                                 (True)
2-    The presence of oxygen makes the blood appear red.                     (False)
3-    Blood picks up the waste materials including carbon dioxide from cells.(True)
4-    The heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left. (True)
5-    William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood. (True)

Give one word for the following:

(a)  Presence of this pigment makes the blood appear red.
Haemoglobin
(b)  Blood cells which fight against the germs that enter our body.
White Blood Cell (WBC)
(c)   An organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood.
Heart
(d)  A device to amplify the sound of the heart.
Stethoscope

Encircle the Odd one:
1-    Aorta, Vena Cava, Pulmonary vein, Atrium  (blood vessels)
2-    Veins, Phloem, Xylem, Root hair (Plant tissues)
3-    RBC, WBC, Platelets, Plasma, Phloem (Components of blood)
4-    Kidney, Ureter, Urethra, Uterus, Urinary bladder (Excretory organs)

Differentiate between
(a)  Arteries and Veins
(b)  Xylem and Phloem

(a)  Arteries and Veins

Arteries
Veins
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood.
Veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood.
Arteries carry blood from heart to all parts of the body.
Veins carry blood from all part of body to the heart.
Arteries have thick elastic walls.
Veins have thin walls.
Arteries have no valves.
Veins have valves which allow blood to flow only towards the heart.
Arteries are situated deep in the body.
Veins are superficially located, close to the skin.

(b)  Xylem and Phloem
Xylem
Phloem
Xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for transport  of the transport of water and nutrients in the plant.
Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for transport of food to all parts of plant.
Xylem has unidirectional movement.
Phloem has bidirectional movement.
Found deeper in the stem tissue.
Usually found in the outer edge of the stem.
It contains xylem parenchyma cells and tracheid cells.
It contains sieve tube cells, companion cells and phloem parenchyma cells.

Answer the following questions:

Q. What is blood? Write its functions.
Ans- Blood is the fluid which flows in the blood vessels. Following are the functions of blood:
1-    It transports substances like digested food from the small intestine to the other parts of the body.
2-    It carries oxygen from lungs to the cells of the body.
3-    It also transports waste for removal from the body.

Q. How does oxygen reach to all part of the body?
Ans- RBC of blood contains a red pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin bind oxygen and transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.

Q. Why do arteries have thick elastic walls?
Ans-  Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body. Arteries have thick elastic walls because blood flow in them is rapid and at high pressure.

Q. What do you mean by pulse? What is pulse rate?
Ans- If we place the middle and index finger of our right hand on the inner side of your left wrist, we can feel some throbbing movements due to the blood flowing in arteries. This throbing is called the pulse.
The number of pulse beats per minute is called the pulse rate.

Q. What is heartbeat?
Ans- The walls of chambers of the heart are made up of muscles. These muscles contract and relax rhythmically. This rhythmic contractions and relaxations of heart per minute is called heartbeat.
Resting heartbeat for a person ranges from 60-100 beats per minute.

Q. Draw a labelled diagram of structure of human heart.
Ans-


Q. What is the relationship between your heartbeat and pulse rate?
Ans- Each heartbeat generates one pulse in the arteries. Pulse rate perr minute indicates the rate of heartbeat.

Q. Do Sponges and Hydra have blood? How do they circulate oxygen, food and other wastes in their body?
Ans- Sponges and Hydra do not possess any circulatory system. The water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies. The water carries away waste materials and carbon dioxide as it moves out. Thus, these animals do not need a circulatory fluid like the blood.

Q. Define Transpiration.
Ans- Transpiration is the process of evaporation of water through the stomata present on the surface of the leaves.

Q. How is water pulled to great heights in tall trees?
Ans- Evaporation of water from leaves in the process of transpiration generates a suction pull (force) which can pull up water absorbed by roots from soil to great heights in the tall trees.

 Q. What is excretory system? Explain human excretory system.
Ans- The waste which is present in blood is removed from the body by blood capillaries in the kidneys. Human excretory system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and urethra.

When the blood reaches the two kidneys, it contains both useful and harmful substances. The useful substances are absorbed back into the blood. The wastes dissolved in water are removes as urine.
From kidneys, the urine goes into the urinary bladder trough tube-like structures called ureters. Then it is stored in bladder and is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of a muscular tube called urethra.

Give reason. Why?

Q. In summers, white patches are formed on our clothes, especially in areas like underarms.
Ans- In summers, we sweat more and our sweat contains water and salt. White patches on our clothes, especially in areas like underarms are the marks left by salts present in sweat.

Q. Water kept in earthen pot (matka) is cooler.
Ans- The earthe pot (matka) has many small pores. Water seeps through these pores and evaporates from the surface of pot making it cold. Heat (energy) required for evaporation is taken from the water kept inside the pot.
Due to this process of continuous absorption of heat from the water inside the matka, in a few hours, this water becomes cool

Q. We feel cooler after sweating.
Ans- The sweat oozes out of the pores of our skin. This sweat evaporates in air. The heat needed for sweat to evaporate is absorbed from the object it comes in contact (our body) and so we feel cooler.

Exercises from Textbook
Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
Column I
Column II
Stomata
Absorption of water
Xylem
Transpiration
Root hairs
Transport of food
Phloem
Transport of water

Synthesis of carbohydrates

Ans-
Column I
Column II
Stomata
Transpiration
Xylem
Transport of water
Root hairs
Absorption of water
Phloem
Transport of food
leaves
Synthesis of carbohydrates

Fill in the blanks:
(a)  The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.
(b)  Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.
(c)  Arteries and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.
(d)  The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called heartbeat.
(e)  The main excretory product in human beings is urea.
(f)   Sweat contains water and salts.
(g)  Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.
(h)  Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by  in the trees because of suction pull caused by transpiration.

Choose the correct answer:
(a)  In plants, water is transported through
a.    Xylem (√)
b.    Phloem
c.    Stomata
d.    Root hair
(b)  Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
a.    In the shade
b.    In dim light (√)
c.    Under the fan
d.    Covered with a polythene bag


Q. Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal?
Ans- Importance of transport of materials in plants and animals-
(1)  Water and nutrients must be absorbed from roots and transported to leaves to carry out photosynthesis.
(2)  Every cell of an organism needs energy to carry out vital activities of life. For this food must be available to every cell.
(3)  Oxygen that we inhale need to be transported to every cell of body.
(4)  Both plants and animals need to eliminate the waste generated in the body.

Q. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Ans-  Stomata are small pores present mostly on the lower surface of leaves.

 Following are the functions of stomata:
1-    Evaporation of water in the process of transpiration.
2-    Exchange of gases during respiration and photosynthesis.

Q. Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Ans- Transpiration is the evaporation of water through stomata on the surface of leaves. It has two main function- Cooling the plant and pumping water and minerals to leaves for photosynthesis.

Q. What are the components of blood?
Ans- Following are the components of blood:
1-    Plasma- The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.
2-    Red Blood Cells (RBC)- Red blood cells contain a red pigment called haemoglobin. This pigment binds with oxygen and transports it to all parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.
3-    White Blood Cells (WBC)- White blood cells fight against germs that may enter our body.
4-    Platelets- The function of platelets is to prevent bleeding by forming clot.

Q. Why is blood needed by all parts of body?
Ans-  Blood is needed by all parts of body because of the following reasons:
1-    It transports digested food from small intestine to the other parts of body.
2-    It carries oxygen from lungs to the cells of the body.
3-    It also transports wastes that needs to be removed from body.

Q. Describe the function of heart.
Ans- The heart is an organ, which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood.

Heart pumps the deoxygenated blood to lungs and receives the oxygenated blood. It sends the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
Q. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Ans- Our body cells perform their functions and release waste products. These waste products are toxins. Hence it is necessary to remove them.
Q. Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.



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