Class-7 Science Chapter-11 Transportation in Animals and Plants, Additional Exercises in line with NCERT book / CBSE Syllabus
Chapter 11
Transportation
in Animals and Plants
Additional Exercises
Exercises from
textbook
Additional Exercises
Choose the correct answer:
1- A resting person usually has a pulse
rate between_____beats per minute
a.
72 to 80 (√)
b.
80
to 100
c.
30
to 40
d.
Any
of the above
2- The two upper chambers of our heart are
called
a.
Atria
(√)
b.
ventricles
c.
aorta
d.
Vena
cava
3- The two lower chambers of our heart are
called
a.
Atria
b.
Ventricles
(√)
c.
aorta
d.
Vena
cava
4- Which of these prevent the flow of blood
toward heart in veins?
a.
Walls
b.
Pressure
c.
Blood
flow
d.
Valves
(√)
5- Name the pigment which gives red colour
to human blood:
a.
Chlorophyll
b.
Platelets
c.
WBC
d.
Haemoglobin
(√)
6- The structure that transports water and
minerals in plants is:
a.
Xylem
(√)
b.
Phloem
c.
Arteries
d.
Veins
7- The blood carried by pulmonary artery is
a.
Oxygen-rich
b.
Carbon
dioxide-rich (√)
c.
Both
a and b
d.
None
of the above
8- Which of the following component of our
blood is responsible to fight with the germs
a.
RBC
b.
WBC
(√)
c.
Platelets
d.
Plasma
9- Which of the following is not a plant
waste?
a.
Gum
b.
Resin
c.
Latex
d.
Urine
(√)
10- The fluid part of our blood is called;
a.
RBC
b.
WBC
c.
Platelets
d.
Plasma
(√)
11- Phloem is a vessel in plant which
carries
a.
Food
from roots to all parts of plant
b.
Food
from leaves to all parts of plant (√)
c.
Water
from roots to all parts of plant
d.
Water
from leaves to all parts of plant
Fill in the blanks with
suitable words:
1-
The
fluid part of the blood is called plasma.
2-
Red
blood cells (RBC) contain a red pigment called haemoglobin.
3-
During inhalation a fresh supply of oxygen fills our
lungs.
4-
Arteries and veins are the two types of blood vessels present in
our body.
5-
Capillaries join up to form veins which empty into the heart.
6-
Our heart is roughly the size of our fist.
Match the column:
(a)
A
|
B
|
RBC
|
fights against germs
|
WBC
|
carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the
body
|
Platelets
|
contains haemoglobin
|
Arteries
|
clot is formed
|
Ans
A
|
B
|
RBC
|
contains
haemoglobin
|
WBC
|
fights
against germs
|
Platelets
|
clot is formed
|
Arteries
|
carry oxygen-rich
blood from the heart to all parts of the body
|
(b)
A
|
B
|
Excretion
|
Excrete cell waste as ammonia
|
Dialysis
|
Excrete a semi-solid white colouerd compound uric acid
|
Birds, lizard and snakes
|
Major excretory product is urea
|
Aquatic animals like fish
|
Periodic filtration of blood through an artificial kidney
|
In humans
|
Process of removal of wastes produced in cells
|
Ans-
A
|
B
|
Excretion
|
Process of removal of wastes produced in cells
|
Dialysis
|
Periodic filtration of blood through an artificial kidney
|
Birds, lizard and snakes
|
Excrete a semi-solid white colouerd compound uric acid
|
Aquatic animals like fish
|
Excrete cell waste as ammonia
|
In humans
|
Major excretory product is urea
|
State whether the following statements are True
or False:
1-
Blood is the fluid, which flows in blood
vessels. (True)
2-
The presence of oxygen makes the blood appear
red. (False)
3-
Blood picks up the waste materials including
carbon dioxide from cells.(True)
4-
The heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip
slightly tilted towards the left. (True)
5-
William
Harvey discovered the circulation of blood. (True)
Give one word for the following:
(a)
Presence of this pigment makes the blood appear
red.
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin
(b)
Blood cells which fight against the germs that
enter our body.
White Blood Cell (WBC)
(c)
An organ which beats continuously to act as a
pump for the transport of blood.
Heart
(d)
A device to amplify the sound of the heart.
Stethoscope
Encircle the Odd one:
1-
Aorta,
Vena Cava, Pulmonary vein, Atrium
(blood vessels)
2-
Veins,
Phloem, Xylem, Root hair (Plant tissues)
3-
RBC,
WBC, Platelets, Plasma, Phloem
(Components of blood)
4-
Kidney,
Ureter, Urethra, Uterus,
Urinary bladder (Excretory organs)
Differentiate between
(a) Arteries and Veins
(b) Xylem and Phloem
(a) Arteries and Veins
Arteries
|
Veins
|
Arteries
carry oxygen-rich blood.
|
Veins
carry carbon dioxide-rich blood.
|
Arteries
carry blood from heart to all parts of the body.
|
Veins
carry blood from all part of body to the heart.
|
Arteries
have thick elastic walls.
|
Veins
have thin walls.
|
Arteries
have no valves.
|
Veins
have valves which allow blood to flow only towards the heart.
|
Arteries
are situated deep in the body.
|
Veins
are superficially located, close to the skin.
|
(b) Xylem and Phloem
Xylem
|
Phloem
|
Xylem is
the vascular tissue responsible for transport
of the transport of water and nutrients in the plant.
|
Phloem
is the vascular tissue responsible for transport of food to all parts of
plant.
|
Xylem
has unidirectional movement.
|
Phloem
has bidirectional movement.
|
Found
deeper in the stem tissue.
|
Usually
found in the outer edge of the stem.
|
It
contains xylem parenchyma cells and tracheid cells.
|
It
contains sieve tube cells, companion cells and phloem parenchyma cells.
|
Answer the following questions:
Q. What is blood? Write its functions.
Ans- Blood is the fluid which flows in the blood vessels. Following are the functions of blood:
Q. What is blood? Write its functions.
Ans- Blood is the fluid which flows in the blood vessels. Following are the functions of blood:
1-
It transports substances like digested food
from the small intestine to the other parts of the body.
2-
It carries oxygen from lungs to the cells of
the body.
3-
It also transports waste for removal from the
body.
Q. How does oxygen reach to all part of the body?
Ans- RBC
of blood contains a red pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin bind oxygen and
transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.
Q. Why do arteries have thick elastic walls?
Ans- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the
heart to all parts of the body. Arteries have thick elastic walls because blood
flow in them is rapid and at high pressure.
Q. What do you mean by pulse? What is pulse rate?
Ans- If we place the middle and index finger of our right hand on the inner side of your left wrist, we can feel some throbbing movements due to the blood flowing in arteries. This throbing is called the pulse.
The
number of pulse beats per minute is called the pulse rate.
Q. What is heartbeat?
Ans- The walls of chambers of the heart are made up of muscles. These muscles contract and relax rhythmically. This rhythmic contractions and relaxations of heart per minute is called heartbeat.
Ans- The walls of chambers of the heart are made up of muscles. These muscles contract and relax rhythmically. This rhythmic contractions and relaxations of heart per minute is called heartbeat.
Resting
heartbeat for a person ranges from 60-100 beats per minute.
Q. Draw
a labelled diagram of structure of human heart.
Ans-
Q. What
is the relationship between your heartbeat and pulse rate?
Ans- Each
heartbeat generates one pulse in the arteries. Pulse rate perr minute indicates
the rate of heartbeat.
Q. Do
Sponges and Hydra have blood? How do they circulate oxygen, food and other
wastes in their body?
Ans- Sponges
and Hydra do not possess any circulatory system. The water in which they live
brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies. The water carries away waste
materials and carbon dioxide as it moves out. Thus, these animals do not need a
circulatory fluid like the blood.
Q. Define
Transpiration.
Ans-
Transpiration is the process of evaporation of water through the stomata
present on the surface of the leaves.
Q. How
is water pulled to great heights in tall trees?
Ans- Evaporation
of water from leaves in the process of transpiration generates a suction pull (force)
which can pull up water absorbed by roots from soil to great heights in the
tall trees.
Q. What is excretory system? Explain human
excretory system.
Ans-
The waste which is present in blood is removed from the body by blood
capillaries in the kidneys. Human excretory system consists of two kidneys, two
ureters, a urinary bladder and urethra.
When
the blood reaches the two kidneys, it contains both useful and harmful substances.
The useful substances are absorbed back into the blood. The wastes dissolved in
water are removes as urine.
From
kidneys, the urine goes into the urinary bladder trough tube-like structures
called ureters. Then it is stored in bladder and is passed out through the
urinary opening at the end of a muscular tube called urethra.
Give reason. Why?
Q. In
summers, white patches are formed on our clothes, especially in areas like
underarms.
Ans- In
summers, we sweat more and our sweat contains water and salt. White patches on
our clothes, especially in areas like underarms are the marks left by salts
present in sweat.
Q.
Water kept in earthen pot (matka) is cooler.
Ans- The
earthe pot (matka) has many small pores. Water seeps through these pores and
evaporates from the surface of pot making it cold. Heat (energy) required for
evaporation is taken from the water kept inside the pot.
Due
to this process of continuous absorption of heat from the water inside the
matka, in a few hours, this water becomes cool
Q. We
feel cooler after sweating.
Ans-
The sweat oozes out of the pores of our skin. This sweat evaporates in air. The
heat needed for sweat to evaporate is absorbed from the object it comes in
contact (our body) and so we feel cooler.
Exercises from Textbook
Match
structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
Column I
|
Column II
|
Stomata
|
Absorption of
water
|
Xylem
|
Transpiration
|
Root hairs
|
Transport of food
|
Phloem
|
Transport of
water
|
Synthesis of
carbohydrates
|
Ans-
Column I
|
Column II
|
Stomata
|
Transpiration
|
Xylem
|
Transport of
water
|
Root hairs
|
Absorption of
water
|
Phloem
|
Transport of food
|
leaves
|
Synthesis of
carbohydrates
|
Fill
in the blanks:
(a)
The
blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.
(b)
Haemoglobin
is present in red blood cells.
(c)
Arteries
and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.
(d)
The
rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called heartbeat.
(e)
The
main excretory product in human beings is urea.
(f)
Sweat
contains water and salts.
(g)
Kidneys
eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.
(h)
Water
reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by in the trees because of suction pull caused
by transpiration.
Choose
the correct answer:
(a)
In plants, water is
transported through
a.
Xylem (√)
b.
Phloem
c.
Stomata
d.
Root hair
(b)
Water absorption
through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
a.
In the shade
b.
In dim light (√)
c.
Under the fan
d.
Covered with a
polythene bag
Q. Why
is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal?
Ans- Importance
of transport of materials in plants and animals-
(1)
Water and nutrients
must be absorbed from roots and transported to leaves to carry out photosynthesis.
(2)
Every cell of an
organism needs energy to carry out vital activities of life. For this food must
be available to every cell.
(3)
Oxygen that we
inhale need to be transported to every cell of body.
(4)
Both plants and
animals need to eliminate the waste generated in the body.
Q. What
are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Ans- Stomata are small pores present mostly on the
lower surface of leaves.
Following are the functions of stomata:
1-
Evaporation
of water in the process of transpiration.
2-
Exchange
of gases during respiration and photosynthesis.
Q. Does
transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Ans- Transpiration
is the evaporation of water through stomata on the surface of leaves. It has
two main function- Cooling the plant and pumping water and minerals to leaves
for photosynthesis.
Q. What are the components of blood?
Ans- Following are
the components of blood:
1-
Plasma- The fluid part of the blood is called
plasma.
2-
Red
Blood Cells (RBC)- Red blood cells
contain a red pigment called haemoglobin. This pigment binds with oxygen and
transports it to all parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.
3-
White
Blood Cells (WBC)- White blood cells
fight against germs that may enter our body.
4-
Platelets- The function of platelets is to prevent
bleeding by forming clot.
Q. Why
is blood needed by all parts of body?
Ans- Blood is needed by all parts of body because
of the following reasons:
1-
It transports digested food from
small intestine to the other parts of body.
2-
It carries oxygen from lungs to the
cells of the body.
3-
It also transports wastes that needs
to be removed from body.
Q. Describe the function of heart.
Ans- The heart is an organ, which beats
continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood.
Heart pumps the deoxygenated blood to lungs and receives the
oxygenated blood. It sends the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
Q. Why is it necessary to excrete waste
products?
Ans- Our body cells perform their functions and release
waste products. These waste products are toxins. Hence it is necessary to
remove them.
Q. Draw a diagram of the human excretory
system and label the various parts.
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