Class-6 Science Chapter 9 Living Organisms and Their Surroundings, Additional Exercises and solutions in line with NCERT book / CBSE Syllabus

Chapter 9
Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

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Additional Exercises

Exercises from Textbook

Tables from Textbook

Additional Exercises

Choose the correct answer:

1.    Forest, grasslands, desserts, coastal and mountain regions are called:

a.    Terrestrial habitats (√)

b.    Aquatic habitats

c.    Hilly areas

d.    Adaptations

2.    Which of the following is not the adaptation of trees in mountainous regions?

a.    Cone shaped trees

b.    Sloping branches

c.    Needle like leaves

d.    Stem modified into leaves (√)

3.    Which one of these is not found in mountainous regions?

a.    Snow leopard

b.    Yak

c.    Camel (√)

d.    Mountain goat

4.    Which of the following is not found in grasslands?

a.    Snow leopard (√)

b.    Lion

c.    Dear

d.    Wolf

5.    Which of these is the characteristics of living things?

a.    Respiration

b.    Excretion

c.    Reproduction

d.    All the above (√)

6.    The process of getting rid of the wastes by the living organisms is _____

a.    Reproduction

b.    Excretion (√)

c.    Movement

d.    Both a and c

7.    Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them, are called_____

a.    Acclimatization

b.    Adaptation

c.    Stimuli (√)

d.    Habitat

Science Class-7

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1-    Breathing is part of a process called respiration.

2-    Frogs usually have pond as their habitat.

3-    Dolphins breathe in air through blowholes.

4-    Frogs have webbed feet which help them swim in water.

5-    The surroundings where an animal lives is called a habitat.

6-    Living things produce more of their own kinds through reproduction.

7-    Several kinds of plants and animals may share the same habitat.

Bujho and Paheli went on vacation to many places of interest. Match these places with their observations or activities:

A	B
Mountains of the Himalaya	oaks, pines and deodars
Rishikesh	river Ganga
Rajasthan	move on Camels through the hot desert
Puri	sea beach dotted with cassurina trees

Ans-

A	B
Mountains of the Himalaya	river Ganga
Rishikesh	sea beach dotted with cassurina trees
Rajasthan	oaks, pines and deodars
Puri	move on Camels through the hot desert

Match these columns:

A	B
Organisms	living creatures
deserts	camels
Beach	crabs and fishes
Openings of volcanoes	tiny living organisms
Habitat	Surroundings where organisms live

Ans-

A	B
Organisms	crabs and fishes
deserts	Camels
Beach	living creatures
Openings of volcanoes	Surroundings where organisms live
Habitat	tiny living organisms

State whether the following statements are true or false

1.    In the sea, plants and animals use the ox oxygen dissolved in water.

2.    It is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night in the desert.

3.    Water in the oceans do not have salt dissolved in it.

4.    Camel Can live for many days without water.

5.    In the sea, and animals use the air dissolved in water. True

6.    It is very Hot in the daytime and very cold in the night in the desert. True

7.    Adaptation does not take place in a short time. True

8.    Acclimatization takes place in the body of a single organism over periods. True

Answer the following questions:

Q. What do you mean by adaptation?
Ans- The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation. For example fish have gills to take the oxygen dissolved in water.

Q. What do you mean by terrestrial habitats? Give example.
Ans- Plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial habitats. For example forest, grassland and desert.

Q. What do you understand by adaptation?
Ans- The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation. For example - camel is adapted to survive in deserts.

Q. Write the adaptations of a camel that help to live for many days without water.
Ans- Following adaptations of a camel help it to live for many days without water:

1.    Camels have long legs which help keep their body away from the heat of the sand.

2.    camel excretes small amount of urine.

3.    Camel's dung is dry.

4.    camel does not Sweat.

Q. What are the adaptations of fish?
Ans- Following are the adaptations of fish:

1.    Fish have a streamlined body shape which help them inside water.

2.    Fish have slippery scales on their bodies. These scales protect the fish and also help in easy movement through water.

3.    Fish have flat fins and Tails that help them to change directions and keep their body balance in water.

4.    Gills present in the fish help them to use oxygen dissolved in water.

Q. Write the adaptations of desert plants.
Ans- Following are the adaptations of desert plants:

1.    The lives in desert plants are either absent, small or shape of spines.

2.    Stem is modified into leaves. Photosynthesis is carried out by the stems.

3.    Stem is covered waxy layer which helps to retain water.

4.    Roots go very deep into the soil for absorbing water.

Q. Write the adaptations of sea animals like squids and octopus in aquatic habitats.
Ans- Following are the adaptations of  squids and  octopus in aquatic habitats:

1.    They stay deeper in the ocean, near the seabed and catch any pray that moves towards them.

2.    When they move in water, make their body shapes streamlined.

3.    These animals have gills to help them use oxygen dissolved in water.

Q. Dolphins and whales do not have gills. How do they breathe?
Ans- Dolphins and whales do not have gills as they are mammals.
 They breathe in air through nostrils or blowholes that are located on the upper parts of their heads. This allows them to breathe in air when they swim near the surface of water. They can stay inside the water for long time without breathing. They come out to the surface from time to time, to breathe in air.

Q. Write the adaptations of a lion.
Ans- Following are the adaptations of lion:

1.    Lion has eyes in front of the face to allow it to have a correct idea about the location of its prey.

2.    Lions have long claws front legs that can be withdrawn inside the toes. It helps to grab and hold prey.

3.    Lion’s light brown colour helps it to hide in the grasslands when it hunts for prey.

4.    Rough tongue helps it to peel the skin of prey animals away from flesh and flesh away from bone.

5.    Loose belly skin allows the lion to be kicked by prey with little chance of injury.

Q. List the adaptations of a deer for the life in grasslands.
Ans- Following are the adaptations of a deer for the life in grasslands:

1.    Deer has long ears to hear movements of predators.

2.    The eyes on the side of its head allow it to look in all directions for danger.

3.    The speed of the deer helps them to run away from the predators.

4.    The colour on body blends well with tall grasses to protect it from predators.

Q. Mention three adaptive features found in frog.

Ans- Following are the three adaptive features found in frogs:

a.    Frogs can stay both inside the pond (water) or on the land.

b.    Frogs have strong back legs that help them in leaping and catching their prey.

c.    Frogs have webbed feet which help them swim in water.

Differentiate between acclimatization and adaptation

(a)  Acclimatization and Adaptation

(b)  Biotic Components and Abiotic Components

Acclimatization	Adaptation
Acclimatization is seen in the body of a single organism.	Adaptation is seen in the entire species.
Acclimatization is an  adjustment over short periods	Adaptation takes place over thousands of years.

Biotic components	Abiotic components
The living things- plants and animals and microorganisms in  a habitat, are its biotic components.	Non-living things such as rocks, soil, air sunlight, heat and water in the habitat are it's abiotic components.

Circle the odd one based on the given criteria:

Terrestrial habitats - Forest, Grassland, Ocean, Desert, Coastal Region, Mountainous Region
Aquatic habitats - pond, swamps, lake, river, ocean, forest
Abiotic factors- air, water, plants, light, heat

Biotic factors – Plants, Animals, Clouds, Microorganisms

Tables from Textbook

Table 9.1 Animals, plants and other objects found in different surroundings:

In the forest	On mountain	In the desert	In the sea	Any other? (River)
Soil	Rocks	Sand	Shells	Pebbles
Trees	Snow/ grass	Camel	Fish, crabs	Fish
Birds	Mountaneoug goats	Cactus	Sea weeds	Water
Wild animals	Monkeys	Desert rat	Salty water	Plants

Exercises from Textbook

1.    What is a habitat?

Ans- The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitat.

2.    How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?

Ans- Following are the adaptations of cactus to survive in a desert:            

            

a.    In cactus leaves are either absent, very small or modified into spines. This helps to reduce the loss of water through transpiration.

b.    Stem is modified into a leaf like structure to carry out photosynthesis.

c.    Stem is covered with a hick waxy layer, which helps to retain water.

d.    Roots in cactus go very deep into the soil for absorbing water.

3.    Fill up the blanks:

a.    The presence of specific features, which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat, is called adaptation.

b.    The habitats of plants and animals that live on land are called terrestrial habitat.

c.    The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat.

d.    Soil, water and air are the abiotic factors of a habitat.

e.    Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them, are called stimuli.

4.    Which of the things in the following list are nonliving?

Plough, Mushroom, Sewing Machine, Radio, Boat, Water hyacinth, Earthworm

     Ans- Plough, Sewing Machine, Radio and Boat are nonliving things in the given list.

5.    Give an example of a non-living thing, which shows any two characteristics of living things.

Ans- Clouds are non-living thing. They show following two characteristics of living things:

a.    Clouds grow in size.

b.    Clouds move from one place to another.

6.    Which of the non-living things listed below, were once part of a living thing?

Butter, Leather, Soil, Wool, Electric bulb, Cooking oil, Salt, Apple, Rubber

      Ans- Following non-living things were once part of a living thing:

1-    Butter (beans / animal product)

2-    Leather  (animal skin)

3-    Wool (fur of animal)

4-    Cooking oil (Oilseed plant)

5-    Apple (Apple tree)

6-    Rubber (Rubber tree)

7.    List the common characteristics of the living things.

Ans- Following are the common characteristics of living things:

a.    Living things need food.

b.    Living things grow.

c.    All living things respire.

d.    Living things respond to their environment

e.    Living beings get rid of waste by excretion.

f.     Living beings reproduce their own kinds.

g.    Living things show movement.

8.    Explain, why speed is more important for the survival in the grasslands for animals that live there. (Hint: There are few trees or places for animals to hide in grasslands habitats.)

Ans- Grasslands are the areas that have mainly grass as vegetation and flat lands. They do not have heavy bushes or trees where creatures and hide. Due to these wide open space both predator and prey have high speed.

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