Class-6 Science, Chapter-2 Components of Food, Solutions & Additional Exercises in line with NCERT book / CBSE Syllabus


Chapter 2
Components of Food
=========================================================
Additional Exercises
Exercises from Textbook
Tables from Textbook

Additional Exercises


Choose the correct answer:

1.    Which of these vitamins keeps our eyes and skin healthy?
a.    Vitamin A (√)
b.    Vitamin C
c.    Vitamin D

2.    Which of these vitamins helps body to fight against many diseases?
a.    Vitamin A
b.    Vitamin B
c.    Vitamin C (√)

3.    Which of these vitamins helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth?
a.    Vitamin A
b.    Vitamin D (√)
c.    None of the above
Science Class-7
Match these Vitamins with their sources:

Name of Vitamin
Sources
Vitamin A
milk oil papaya carrot mango
Vitamin B
liver rice
Vitamin C
orange tomato guava lemon green chilli
Vitamin D
milk butter egg Lever fish and sunlight

Fill in the blanks:
(a)  Our body prepares vitamin D in the presence of Sunlight.
(b)  Food materials themselves contain water.
(c)  All deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking a balanced diet.
(d)  Some nutrients get lost in the process of cooking and preparations.
(e)  Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth.

Answer these questions:

Q. What are deficiency diseases?
Ans- The diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients in the body over a long period are called as deficiency diseases. For example deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness.

Q. What happens when a person has lack of protein in the diet for a long period of time.
Ans- If a person does not get enough food in his or her diet for a long time, he or she is likely to have:
(a)  Stunted growth
(b)  Swelling of face
(c)  Discoloration of hair
(d)  Skin diseases 
(e)  Diarrhoea


Q. What will happen if a person eats too much of fat rich food?
Ans- If a person eats too much of fat rich food, he may suffer from a condition called obesity.

Q. It is wise to include some fruits and raw vegetables in our diet. Why?
Ans- Some nutrients like Vitamin C get easily destroyed by heat during cooking. Therefore is wise to include some fruits and raw vegetables in our diet.

Q. Why is cooking essential?
Ans- Cooking is essential because it improves the taste of food and makes it easier to digest.

Q. Give two examples where nutrients get lost in the process of cooking and preparations?
Ans- Two examples where some nutrients get lost in the process of cooking and preparation are as follows:

1.    When vegetables and fruits are washed after cutting or peeling them.
2.    Repeated washing of rice and pulses.

Q. Write two functions of water in our body?
Ans- Two functions of water in our body are as follows:
Water helps to absorb nutrients from food.
Water helps throwing out from the body as urine and sweat.

Q. Why are minerals essential for our body?
Ans- Minerals are essential for proper growth and to maintain good health of body.

Q. What is roughage? Why is it essential for body?
Ans- Dietary fibres are known as roughage.
Roughage is essential as it adds to the bulk of food. This helps our body get rid of undigested food.


Exercises from Textbook

Q. Name the major nutrients in our food.
Ans- The major nutrients in our food are as follows:

1.    Carbohydrates
2.    Protein
3.    Fat
4.    Vitamin
5.    Minerals
6.    Dietary fibres and water


Name the following:

(a)  The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
Ans- Carbohydrates

(b)  The nutrients that are needed for growth and maintenance of our body
Ans- Vitamins and minerals

(c)  A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.
Ans- Vitamin A

(d)  A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Ans- Calcium


Name two foods rich in:
Fats, , starch, dietary fibre, protein

Fats
 butter oil
Starch
 potato chapati
Dietary fibre
 fruits green leafy vegetables
Protein
 pulses milk

Tick (√) the statements that are correct

(a)  By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirements of our body. (False)
(b)  Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. (True)
(c)  Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. (True)
(d)  Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. (False)


Fill in the blanks

(a)  Osteomalacia is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
(b)  Deficiency of Vitamin B causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c)  Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as scurvy.
(d)  Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin A in our food.


Tables from Textbook

Table 2.1 some common meals of different regions / States
Region / state
 item of grain
 Item of Dal/ meat
 vegetables
 others
Punjab
 makki (corn) roti
 rajma (kidney beans)
 sarson saag (mustard leaf curry)
 curd, ghee
Andhra Pradesh
Rice
Tuar dal and rasam (charu)
Kunduru (dondakai)
Buttermilk, ghee, pickle (aavakai)
Wesh Bengal




Gujrat




Rajasthan




Orrisa




Karnataka





Table 2.2 Nutrients present in some food items

Food Item
Starch (Present)
Protein (present)
Fat (present)
Raw potato
Yes


Milk

Yes

Groundnut

Yes
Yes
Uncooked powdered rice
Yes


Cooked rice
Yes


Dry coconut


Yes
Uncooked tuar dal (powdered)

Yes

Cooked dal

Yes

A slice of any vegetable
 Yes (In potato)


A slice of any fruit
No (In apple)
No (In ripe banana)
Yes (In unripe banana)


Boiled egg (white portion)

Yes



Table 2.3 – Some diseases / disorders caused by deficiency of vitamins and minerals
Vitamin / Mineral
Deficiency disease / disorder
Symptoms
Vitamin A
Loss of vision
Poor vision, loss of vision in darkness (night), sometimes complete loss of vision
Vitamin B1
Beriberi
Weak muscles and very little energy to work
Vitamin C
Scurvy
Bleeding gums, wounds take longer time to heal
Vitamin D
Rickets
Bones become soft and bent
Calcium
Bone and tooth decay
Weak bones, tooth decay
Iodine
Goiter
Glands in th neck appear swollen, menta disability in children
Iron
Anaemia
Weakness

Projects and activities

(a) Prepare a diet chart to provide balanced diet to a 12 year old child. The diet chart should include food items which are not expensive and are commonly available in your area.

(b) We have learnt that excess intake of fats is harmful for the body. Find the harmful effects of too much intake of nutrients like proteins fats and vitamins.


(c) Find out which are the nutrients present in animal food what are the balanced diet requirements of different animals.
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